Like Rudyard Kipling's criticism of the Victorian spirit of Imperialism in his poem "The White Man’s Burden", in times when people used to believe colonialism and imperialism was a "noble mission" rather than a condescending and bigoted attitude, by thinking their actions were a way of helping the natives of other regions of the world become civilized, instead of a justification of violence; one of Joseph Conrad's critique of imperialism in his novel "Heart of Darkness" is to frame it as a burden on white society, but he also illustrates specially the cruelty of African exploitation. Thereby I would say All options are included (all of the above) and especially C.