Answer:
The answer to the first one is:
Strongly linked.
Step-by-step explanation:
Think of a chromosome as a phylogenic chart → 2 species that are beside each other are strongly linked, if compared to 2 species 3 spots apart form each other.
My guess:
I do not know the options to the second square, but I'd say the answer is epistasis → which is the interaction between two different genes (different means they're not linked alleles).
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101