The Abbasid Caliphate’s name is derived from Abbas Muttalib, uncle of the Prophet Muhammad.
The monarch-theocratic (ruled through a king, rule through a priest in the name of a deity) government of the Abbasid Caliphate from 750-1258 was very strong. This rule was based in Islam and Islamic law. During this era, Abbasids focused on eastern expansion with territory stretching from Africa to Western Asia. This prosperous time period was known as the “Golden Age of Islam”. The Abbasid government fell to the Mongols in 1258.