The primary reason for the rise of dictators was the harsh terms imposed by the Treaty of Versailles following World War I. This situation was coupled by economic collapse and scarcity of resources. The Germans, for instance. were looking for the restoration of national pride and confidence. Altohugh the Italians won the war, it occurred at a high cost. The Italians were reeling from a serious of defeats which led to the collapse of one government and the installation of another. The war took a terrible toll on the country and deeply divided it. The failed leadership opened the door for fascist leaders who promoted strength and confidence to face the future. This enabled the rise of Benito Mussolini.