Question

Using a significance level of 5% the appropriate conclusion for a test with a p-level of 0.0421 would be:

Answer 1

Tested outcome (difference) is significant.

Explanation:

The significance level of 5% (more typically referred to as 95%) corresponds to saying that if an observation at hand is (only) 5% or less likely to have been generated by chance, then it will be accepted as significant. In this example, the p-level (which is the actual probability of the observation being generated by chance) is lower than 5% (0.0421<0.05) and therefore a conclusion can be made that the observed outcome is significant.

An example of an outcome being significant could a drug improving patients's condition in a clinical study.