Question

Rewrite the following sentences using the type of clause or construction that's given in parentheses. 1. Marilyn made several last-minute changes in the report in order to support her argument with the latest statistics. (Infinitive) 2. He rejected every attempt at compromise and stormed from the room in anger. (Present participle) 3. Cramer was thoughtful of her subordinates, and she never criticized their errors publicly. (Adjective) 4. Oil imports are always self-financing because the money paid for foreign oil comes back as deposits and investments. (Dependent adverbial clause) 5. Congress hopes to improve the lot of farmers by boosting price and income guarantees. (Prepositional phrase) 6. The glider swept noiselessly over the swaying treetops. (Adverb) 7. The senator was stung by mounting gossip about his private life, and he retired from office. (Past participle) 8. The mechanics can repair the paving equipment now that the new parts finally have arrived. (Absolute construction)

Answer 1

1. Marilyn made several last-minute changes in the report in order to support her argument with the latest statistics. (Infinitive) // Marilyn made several last-minute changes in the report to support her argument with the latest statistics ( The infinitive expresses purpose as " in order to....")

2. He rejected every attempt at compromise and stormed from the room in anger. (Present participle) // Rejecting every attempt at compomise , he stormed from the room in anger. ( Rejecting every..... is a reduced clause of reason or time : "After / As he had rejected every attempt.........")

3. Cramer was thoughtful of her subordinates, and she never criticized their errors publicly. (Adjective) Thoughtful of her subordinates, Cramer never criticized their errors publicly . ( Thoughtful replaces this clause of reason in a reduced from: " As she was thoughtful........, Cramer never ....")

4. Oil imports are always self-financing because the money paid for foreign oil comes back as deposits and investments. (Dependent adverbial clause). // Oil imports are always self-financing because the money comes back when the money spent on foreign oil is deposited and invested. ( in the subordinating clause: " ...because the money paid....." can be replaced by "...when the money....")

5. Congress hopes to improve the lot of farmers by boosting price and income guarantees. (Prepositional phrase) Congress hopes to improve on the condition of farmers' lots by boosting price and income guarantees ( The verb " to improve" can be followed by a noun or a prepostional phrase)

6. The glider swept noiselessly over the swaying treetops. (Adverb) //Noiselessly , the glider swept over the swaying treetops. ( The adverb can be put at the beginning. This is a version of the reduced clause : " While the glider was moving noiselessly, he swept....."

7. The senator was stung by mounting gossip about his private life, and he retired from office. (Past participle) // Stung by mounting gossip about his private life, the senator retired from office. ( The past participle of the verb " to sting" can head a version of a reduced clause of reason : " As he was stung by......, the senator retired..)

8. The mechanics can repair the paving equipment now that the new parts finally have arrived. (Absolute construction) // The new parts' having finally arrived, the mechanics can repair the paving equipment now. ( The clause "The new parts finally have...." is turned into an absolute construction when it becomes a participle with its own subject. The subject of the main clause is different from the subject of the participle. The subject of the participle can be in the genitive case " the new parts' ")

Answer 2

1. Marilyn made several last-minute changes in the report in order to support her argument with the latest statistics. (Infinitive)

Answer: Marilyn is to make several last-minute changes in the report in order to support her argument with the latest statistics.

2. He rejected every attempt at compromise and stormed from the room in anger. (Present participle)

Answer: He is rejecting every attempt at compromise and stormed from the room in anger.

3. Cramer was thoughtful of her subordinates, and she never criticized their errors publicly. (Adjective)

Answer: Cramer´s criticisms were thoughtful for she never criticized their errors publicly.

4. Oil imports are always self-financing because the money paid for foreign oil comes back as deposits and investments. (Dependent adverbial clause)

Answer: Since the money paid for foreign oil comes back as deposits and investments, oil imports are self-financing.

5. Congress hopes to improve the lot of farmers by boosting price and income guarantees. (Prepositional phrase)

Answer: By boosting price and income guarantees, Congress hopes to improve the lot of farmers.

6.The glider swept noiselessly over the swaying treetops (Adverb)

Answer: The glider is sweeping noiselessly over the swaying treetops.

7.The senator was stung by mounting gossip about his private life, and he retired from office. (Past participle)

Answer: The senator retired from office because of the mounting gossip about his private life.

8.The mechanics can repair the paving equipment now that the new parts finally have arrived. (Absolute construction)

Answer: The new parts having arrived, the mechanics can repair the paving equipment.