The correct answer is:
The international phenomenon best illustrated by the chart is Globalization.
The phenomenon of globalization implies that many companies that have emerged in a particular country can conduct business based in different countries.
International trade would involve a commercial exchange of products from different countries but globalization goes further because it allows the installation of businesses in the countries of destination, employing local people, paying taxes like any local company, etc.
In the McDonald's premises the language of the countries of destination is spoken, therefore it is not a case of expansion of the English language but rather of business expansion in non-English speaking countries.
Inflation is a macroeconomic phenomenon suffered by several countries when the value of local money is eroded with respect to foreign currencies and international currencies, which would not be represented in the table.