Answer:
A gas at very low volumes, when gas particles are very close together
A gas at very low temperatures, when gas particles have very little kinetic energy
A gas with highly polar molecules that have very strong inter-molecular forces
Step-by-step explanation:
The Kinetic Molecular Theory:
- particles in a gas are in constant, random motion
- combined volume of the particles is negligible
- particles exert no forces on one another
- any collisions between the particles are completely elastic
- average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the temperature in kelvins
RM / NV / NF / EC / ET
Although none of the assumptions provided in the molecular theory of gases are strictly correct, they are fair enough for modeling some systems. It is an idealized approach of real systems. The fundamental presumptions are nearly identical to those of an ideal gas.
The most logical of the hypotheses is that of elastic collisions. Since gas molecules are treated as perfectly hard spheres in Newton's equations and elastic collisions, there is no energy lost in compressing the gas molecules during a collision.
For bulk, light gases at moderate temperatures and low to moderate pressures, it is acceptable to assume that there is an attractive force between the gas and the container wall. Since the walls of the containers only account for a minor portion of collisions in macroscopic quantities, they can typically be disregarded. Only until the gas's total density exceeds the kinetic energy do forces between its particles start to become significant. For light gases like He and straightforward diatomic gases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules far outweighs the intramolecular interactions at normal temperatures.
But in a complete way of the KM theory being described:
The microscopic characteristics of atoms (or molecules) and their interactions, which result in observable macroscopic qualities, are described by the kinetic molecular theory of matter (such as pressure, volume, temperature). The idea may be used to explain why matter exists in distinct phases (solid, liquid, and gas), as well as how matter can transform between these phases.
The three states of matter are: As we transition from the solid to the gaseous phase, you'll notice that the distance between atoms or molecules widens.
According to the kinetic molecular theory of matter,
- Particles that make up matter are continually moving.
- Every particle has energy, however the amount of energy changes with the temperature of the sample of matter. Thus, whether the material is in a solid, liquid, or gaseous form is determined. The least energetic molecules are those in the solid phase, whereas the most energetic particles are those in the gas phase.
- The average kinetic energy of the particles in a material may be calculated from its temperature.
- When the particles' energies are altered, the phase of the particles may vary.
- Matter atoms are separated by gaps. As a sample of matter transitions from the solid to the liquid and gas phases, the average amount of vacant space between molecules increases.
- Atoms and molecules interact by attraction forces, which intensify as the particles draw closer to one another. Intermolecular forces are the name for these pulling forces.
How does kinetic molecular theory affect gases?
According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, gas particles collide in an elastic manner and are always in motion. Only absolute temperature directly affects a group of gas particle's average kinetic energy.
Part I of How the Kinetic-Molecular Theory Explains Gas Behavior.
If the volume is kept constant, the faster gas molecules collide with the container walls more frequently and more violently, raising the pressure according to Charles' law.