Final answer:
The religious wars in 16th-century France and Charles V's struggles against Protestant princes in Germany were characterized by conflicts between Catholic and Protestant factions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The religious wars in 16th-century France and Charles V's struggles against Protestant princes in Germany had one common feature: the conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism. In both cases, there was a division between Catholic and Protestant factions, leading to religious tensions and conflicts.
In France, the Catholic-Protestant split resulted in a series of religious riots, with the worst being the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572. The conflict eventually ended with the War of the Three Henrys, where Catholic moderates prioritized domestic stability over religious doctrine.
In Germany, Charles V, a staunch Catholic, opposed Protestantism but had to accept the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, which allowed Lutheran rulers to establish Lutheranism as the official religion within their lands if they wished. However, no other religions were accommodated.