Final answer:
Mario's boss's review process and subsequent punishment for errors is an example of Active management by exception, a type of transactional leadership.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario described for Mario and his boss is an example of Active management by exception. This management style falls under the broader category of transactional leadership, where managers focus on supervision, organizational goals, and maintaining the status quo through a system of rewards and punishments. In the case of Mario, when his boss reviews the monthly report and identifies errors, the boss's response is to implement a corrective punishment (working extra hours) to address the problem, which is a hallmark of the active management by exception approach.