The construction of the Erie Canal.
"New York’s geographical advantage was supplemented by the construction of the Erie Canal (1817–1825), and with the establishment of the Black Ball Line in 1818. While the Erie Canal connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes and consequently to the fastest-growing parts of America west of the Appalachian Mountains, the Black Ball Line provided the first-ever regularly scheduled transatlantic passenger service. Both the Canal and the Line helped to solidify New York’s place as America’s center of commercial trade and central transportation hub."