The answer is D. All of the above.
The combination of prolonged arson, looting, and murder made it the worst race riot in the history of Illinois. The sociopolitical atmosphere of Chicago was one of ethnic tension caused by competition among many new groups.
Decades of racial, economic, and political forces, which generated inner city poverty, resulted in race riots within minority areas in cities across the United States. The death of cab driver John Smith by police, sparked the Newark riots.