Final answer:
Behavior modification is a corrective method of instruction, while teaching to the test is a preventive method of training children.
Step-by-step explanation:
Behavior modification is a corrective method of instruction that parents and teachers use to change a child's behavior. It uses the principles of operant conditioning to replace undesirable behaviors with more socially acceptable ones. This is done by reinforcing desired behaviors through rewards, such as sticker charts or behavior charts. On the other hand, teaching to the test is a preventive method of training children commonly seen in classrooms. It focuses on preparing students to succeed on standardized tests at the expense of broader educational goals and problem-solving abilities. While it may equip students with the ability to regurgitate facts, it is criticized for not fostering lifelong learning and transferable work skills.