Passage 1 uses tricolon and an overstatement, while passage 2 uses anaphora and a rhetorical question.
In passage 1 the tricolon is "Uniforms decrease fighting. Uniforms decrease drug use. Uniforms decrease vandalism." It is a series of 3 parallel clauses. The overstatement is "There is no other possible solution to fix our schools." Passage 2 uses anaphora when it repeats the beginning phrase "When schools introduce uniforms". The rhetorical question in passage 2 is "what is the true cost?"