Imagine that you are having coffee with your friend, Jessica. You notice that she is upset as she tells you about a trip to the beach with her boyfriend,Mark. She quietly tells you that they started “fooling around” on the beach blanket, but then he climbed on top of her and tried to take off her bathing suit. She didn’t tell him “No,” but she did try to push him off. He thought she was playing, and continued to undress her. She tells you that she is eventually laid still, hoping he would stop.Jessica asks you if you think she sent the wrong message to Mark.
According to Valencia’s definition of consent, did Jessica give consent to participate in this physical encounter?
No
Yes