Final answer:
The Tinkers were suspended for wearing armbands as a war protest, which involved the 1st & 4th Amendments. The Supreme Court ruled they were allowed to wear the armbands, affirming students' First Amendment rights on school property.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Tinkers were suspended from school for wearing armbands as a war protest against the Vietnam War. This act was intended to exhibit their support for a truce and was seen as a form of symbolic speech protected under the First Amendment. The relevant amendments in the case of Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) are the 1st & 4th Amendments. The First Amendment addresses freedoms such as speech, press, and assembly, which applies to the freedom to wear armbands, while the fourth deals with protection against illegal searches and is often cited in school-related cases.
The Supreme Court ruled that the Tinkers were allowed to wear the armbands, as the school officials did not provide sufficient evidence that the armbands would 'materially and substantially interfere' with school operations. Therefore, this case demonstrated that students do not lose their First Amendment rights when they enter school property.