Answer:
The variability and variety present in life on earth is called as biodiversity. This variation can be measured from genetic to ecosystem level. Biodiversity is not even on earth. It is affected by climate, precipitation, soil type, altitude etc. It is more near the tropics since the climate is warmer which favours more productivity. Terrestrial diversity is more than ocean diversity.
Many biodiversity hotspots are present in the word. These are large areas of extreme species richness and many endemic species. They have suffered great habitat loss hence they need to be protected to maintain the biodiversity.