Answer:
Anatomy
What did the Human Genome Project accomplish?
In essence, it served as a standard for how a human genome appears. One of the first stages in determining if a mutation causes an illness is realizing that there IS a mutation. In order to compare it to "regular" human DNA sequences, we completed the human genome project. Similar to this, a human genome sequence is required in order to compare a human genome or gene to that of a dog or a fruit fly. It essentially changed us from doing genes one at a time to performing them in bulk. You can quickly trace a novel mutation or gene back to the reference genome to determine its location, typical sequence, etc.
Neanderthal genome sequencing is a nice illustration of this. In the absence of a reference genome to match it to, it was just a collection of random sequences. They were able to align and compare the reference human genome to determine precisely how humans vary from Neanderthals. That's a fascinating and significant piece of study that would not have been possible without the creation of a high-quality human reference genome.