The correct answer is A. Adjective clause
Step-by-step explanation:
In grammar, a clause refers to a set of words that go together and contain at least a subject and a verb and can have different function ins a sentence. In the case of adjective clauses, these clauses explain or describe a noun, which is usually placed right before the adjective clause, which is called antecedent and it is common adjective clauses depend on a broader clause or sentence. Additionally, this type of clause differs from the adverb clause because adverb clauses modify or describe a verb and from noun clause because noun clauses act as a noun. Therefore in the case of the clause " who inspired me to study chemistry" in the sentence "Mr. Paulson is the teacher who inspired me to study chemistry" this clause is an adjective clause because it describes Mr. Paulson which means this is a set of words that act as an adjective rather than as a noun or adverb.