Final answer:
The basic principles of the Constitution encompass popular sovereignty, limited government, federalism, republicanism, individual rights, separation of powers, and checks and balances. These concepts derived from Enlightenment ideas are integrated into the U.S. Constitution to create a balanced federal republic and prevent the concentration of power.
Step-by-step explanation:
The categories popular sovereignty, limited government, federalism, republicanism, individual rights, separation of powers, and checks and balances all belong to d. the basic principles of the Constitution. These foundational concepts form the core framework of the United States Constitution, which was crafted by the Founding Fathers to create a balanced and democratic system of governance. By integrating these principles, the framers sought to prevent the concentration of power and to ensure that the government reflects the will of the people, operates within its defined limits, and allows for a harmonious interplay between state and federal powers.
The framers were heavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, such as John Locke, who advocated the natural rights of life, liberty, and property; and Baron de Montesquieu, who advocated the separation of powers in government. These principles were incorporated into a Federal Republic that emphasizes the role of the states, protects individual rights, and maps out a government structure where no one branch can dominate others, thus implementing checks and balances. Through this framework, the Constitution represents an ordered liberty system that balances the need for effective governance with the protection of individual freedoms and state autonomy.