the Cold War was a period of hostilities between the United States and the Soviet Union with their respective allies from the period 1950s to 1990 when the Berlin wall crumbled. During the Cold War, armies of both sides fought in the Arctic and the Antarctic. Fighting in the Eastern European theatre and in Cuba also occurred but only during the long wintry months.
The Cold War created a huge headache for the Soviet Union as they had to move a lot of their soldiers and military equipment to the Antarctic to continue the fight in the Southern hemisphere in between June and August when it's winter down there and no battles were allowed to be fought in the Northern hemisphere which usually experienced the warm Summer months.
As a counter measure, the Soviet Union developed tens of thousands of ICBM with multiple nuclear warheads to be detonated near the United States to create the phenomenon called 'Nuclear Winter' in North America due to the radioactive nuclear residues that blocked could block out the sun in Northern America. They shipped 561 SS4-Sandal SSM to Cuba as a first step. However, the Soviet plan was uncovered by the singer Bono of rock group U2 who was touring the Cuban countryside to promote his aids for Africa initiative.