Final answer:
The Spanish conquistadors desired wealth and the spread of Christianity in the Americas. The Aztec and Inca empires fell to the Spanish due to internal weaknesses and the use of military strategies by conquistadors like Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro. The colonization resulted in the establishment of new Spanish colonies, the mistreatment of indigenous populations, and efforts to protect their rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Spanish conquistadors in the early sixteenth century took control of significant parts of the Americas, resulting in enormous consequences.
Reasons for Spain's Desire to Establish an Empire:
Wealth: The Spanish sought wealth and resources, particularly gold and silver. This desire for riches was motivated by Columbus's accounts of the riches in the New World and the economic benefits it could bring.
Spread of Christianity: Spain desired to spread Christianity and convert the indigenous populations to Catholicism, believing it was their duty to save souls and spread their culture and religion.
Fallen Native American Empires:
Two well-known Native American empires that fell to the Spanish were the Aztec Empire and the Inca Empire.
Aztec Empire: Located in present-day Mexico, the Aztecs were led by Emperor Moctezuma II. The empire had a highly advanced society and achievements such as monumental architecture and an extensive road system. However, their weaknesses included internal rivalries and a lack of resistance against diseases brought by the Europeans.
Inca Empire: Located in present-day Peru, the Inca Empire was led by Emperor Atahualpa. The empire had a sophisticated infrastructure, including impressive stone structures like Machu Picchu. However, their weaknesses included their unfamiliarity with European military tactics and their territorial expansion, which led to discontent among conquered peoples.
Conquistadors and Effects of Colonization:
Hernán Cortés: Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. His military strategies, alliances with indigenous groups, and the spread of diseases helped him achieve victory.
Francisco Pizarro: Pizarro led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. He exploited political divisions among the Incas and used superior weaponry and tactics.
The Spanish colonization led to the establishment of new colonies with a hierarchical structure. Indigenous populations suffered from forced labor, abuse, and diseases brought by the Europeans. Some Spanish conquistadors also expressed concern for the mistreatment of indigenous peoples, leading to efforts to protect their rights.