Question

Central Dogma is represented by the schematic above. Name the two stages involved in protein synthesis and explain what occurs in each of the two stages. Be sure to also indicate where each process takes place.

Answer 1

Ans.

Central dogma of molecular biology demonstrates formation of protein molecules from the information present in DNA molecules. It is a two step process, first is transcription and second is translation.

Transcription involves formation of RNA molecule from parent DNA strand. In mRNA, information is present as triplets of nucleotides, called as codons. Translation involves formation of protein from mRNA molecule. During translation, each codon codes for a specific amino acid and formation of a polypeptide chain takes place that forms protein after proper folding.

In prokaryotic organisms, both transcription ad translation take place in cytosol as nucleus is absent in their cells. In eukaryotic organisms, transcription takes place in nucleus, while , translation occurs in cytosol.