Ans.
-Antibodies are components of adaptive immune system that target and neutralize pathogens, such as bacteria, and viruses or their components. Antibodies are protein molecules, made up of four polypeptide chains.
-In all organisms, usually sugars, such as glucose act as main source of energy. However, in the absence of sugars (during starvation period) stored fat or lipid molecules are utilized to generate energy.
-DNA or RNA are nucleic acid molecules, made up of nucleotide subunits. Each nucleotide is composed of a pentose sugar (in DNA, deoxyribose sugar, while in RNA, ribose sugar), a nitrogen base, and a molecule of phosphate.
-Carbohydrates are complex biomolecules, made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms. Glucose, sucrose, and starch are examples of carbohydrates.