It is very appropriate to call the time period between 1300 and 1650 a Scientific Revolution because in that period a series of events marked the emergence of modern science. Developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry completely transformed society.
It was demonstrated that the planet earth was not the centre of the universe, but an orbit around the sun and shared a placement with other planets made from the same changeable substances.
Newton developed the theory of gravitation in 1679. He started to consider gravitation and its effect on the orbits of planets.
Johannes Kepler published Astronomiae Pars Optica where he described the inverse-square law governing the intensity of light, reflection by flat and curved mirrors, and principles of pinhole cameras, as well as the astronomical implications of optics such as parallax and the apparent sizes of heavenly bodies.