L is the total length of all the 5 rods.
Each of the 5 parts lengths are (a - 1 ), a, a, a, (a + 3), respectively.
We add all of them and equate it to I:
L = (a + 1) + a + a + a + (a + 3)
Simplifying this, we take like terms and add:
L = (a - 1 ) + a + a + a + (a + 3)
L = 5a - 1 + 3
L = 5a + 2