Division of labor and specialization, which were promoted to a large extent by Henry Ford and Frederick W. Taylor with the goal of increasing productivity and efficiency, contribute to economic growth because the worker, by being specialized, executes one, and the same, task or job over and over again, and, as a result, the final product or service is cheaper, of higher quality, and is produced in a shorter amount of time.
It was the Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith (1723-1790) the one that established that division of labor and specialization were the basis of productivity growth and wealth.