Personification is giving human characteristics to something that is not human, sometimes not even a living creature - so it would be the part about the nations wounds: the nation is seen as a wounded person. The purpose would be to make us feel the troubles of a country as strongly as we would see and react to the pain or the bleeding of a wound.
I may be wrong, because it seems to simple, but antithesis, which means opposition, I only see in the repetition of the same idea in two different forms: with malice toward none; with charity for all. The purpose is to make the idea stronger by stating it not only twice but in opposition ways