Question

Which of these describes lichens and mosses that first colonize a previously barren area?

Answer 1

The answer is; pioneer species

These pioneer species have adaptations such as minute roots that enable them to grow on rocks, with little nutrients, and need no soil. This is why they are able to colonize new barren land. They are able to break down rocks to soil and give an opportunity for higher plants to later colonize the environment after time.