Final answer:
Syria is located northeast of ancient Israel on the historical maps, part of the Levant. The capital Damascus is one of the world's oldest cities. Syria's Golan Heights were occupied by Israel during the Arab-Israeli War of 1967.
Step-by-step explanation:
Syria is located on the map of ancient Israel to the northeast, sharing a border with Israel. On the ancient map, which includes the area known as the Levant, Syria is part of the cradle of civilization along with other regions such as Mesopotamia. Damascus, the capital of Syria, is said to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. In the context of the ancient Near East, cities like Damascus and Aleppo, which is in northern Syria, were integral to the region's history and development.
The geopolitical history of Syria includes the period during the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, also known as the Six-Day War, in which Israel occupied the Golan Heights, a region of high strategic military importance that overlooks northern Israel. This area was originally part of southwestern Syria before becoming under Israeli control after the 1967 conflict.