Final answer:
Roy used a statistical study called hypothesis testing to estimate the percentage of defective toys in the shipment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Roy used a statistical study called hypothesis testing to estimate the percentage of defective toys in the shipment. He took a random sample of 10 duckies and found that 10% of them were defective. By comparing this sample proportion to the promised percentage of 5%, Roy can make a conclusion about whether the percentage of defective toys in the entire shipment is larger than 5% or not.