Question

1. The pressure and temperature of a gas are held constant. Which of the following is true for the volume of the gas?

A.) It is inversely proportional to the number of moles of the gas.

B.) It is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas.

C.) It is equal to the number of moles of the gas.

D.) It is half of the number of moles of the gas.


2. The diagram shows a gas in a container fitted with a movable piston.

**picture shown**

What will happen if the pressure of the system is raised to 1.5 atmospheres

and the temperature remains same?


A.) The piston will move upwards because the number of moles of the gas particles will increase.

B.) The piston will move downwards because the gas particles will occupy less volume than before.

C.) The piston will move upwards because the gas particles will hit the walls of the container with increased force.

D.) The piston will move downwards because the gas particles will start moving randomly in all directions, pulling the piston down.

Answer 1

1.

C) The volume of the gas is proportional to the number of moles of gas particles.

The Avogadro's law applies to ideal gases with constant pressure and temperature. By that law, the volume of an ideal gas is proportional to the number of moles of particles in that gas.

2.

B) The gas now occupies less volume, and the piston will move downward.

Boyle's Law applies to ideal gases with a constant temperature. The volume of an ideal gas is inversely related to its pressure. A high pressure drives gas particles together, such that they occupy less volume. The gas trapped inside the piston has a smaller volume. As a result, the the piston will move downward.

Alternatively, consider the forces acting on the piston. Both the atmosphere and gravity are dragging the piston down. In order for it to stay in place, the gas below it must exert a pressure to balance the two forces. Now the pressure from outside has increased. The gas inside needs to increase its pressure. It needs a smaller volume to create that extra pressure. As a result, its volume will decrease, and the piston will move downwards.

Answer 2

Answer: 1. B.) It is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas.

2. B.) The piston will move downwards because the gas particles will occupy less volume than before.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Avogadro's Law: This law states that volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at constant pressure and temperature.

`V\propto n` (At constant temperature and pressure)

Thus as the number of moles will increase, the volume of the gas will also increase.

2. Boyle's Law: This law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and number of moles.

`P\propto (1)/(V)` (At constant temperature and number of moles)

Thus when pressure is increased , the volume will decrease if the temperature is held constant.