The texture of the Provolone is way sharper than that of American Cheese. The smell is more potent than American. American cheese is American obviously yet Provolone is Italian cheese that is sometimes used in Lasagna and Some kinds of Pizza.
Provolone is also chewier and and harder than American, and I don't remember if this is full correct but American is supposedly fake. Don't quote me on it though.
Hope this helps!