I'll try to give a brief overview for each group, then I suggest researching about each group on your own.
African Americans:
At this point, the military was still segregated, and Black soldiers were subjected to racism and harassment. However, there were a few Black soldiers who were awarded medals. As far as other Americans, Black people were subjected to lynching, inequality, etc. If you're specifically talking about people in the military, unfortunately wearing a uniform and serving your country didn't exactly protect them. Serving in the military drastically changed Black people's view of life. After being stationed in other countries and seeing how Black people had more rights there, Black Americans were becoming tired of how they were being treated at home. This was actually a big factor in the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.
German Americans:
A LOT of anti-german sentiment began to stir up in the United States. German businesses, brands, and foods were boycotted or renamed. Unfortunately this is the most information I can give about this group, I'm not very knowledgeable about this aspect. What I can tell you is that Germany itself was incredibly destroyed after World War I. Their economy was in shambles, they were broke, harsh restrictions were placed on them and their military in the Treaty of Versailles. This is a big reason why Hitler was able to rise up.
Women:
World War I began at the peak of the women's rights movement. With many men gone overseas, women took over their jobs, mainly factory jobs. They were still payed less and faced sexism, but for many it was nice to finally get out and experience the workforce. As far as treatment by the military, women did in fact help the military. They served as nurses, truck drivers, radio operators, etc. This changed their way of life in the US because like I said, they got a taste of freedom, or having multiple choices in life.
I apologize for not answering for the other groups you provided. I'm afraid I've only read about Black Americans, women, and German Americans. Hopefully someone else can be more helpful. I just wanted to provide answers for what I knew. I suggest looking into anti-asian sentiment and the anti-immigration laws passed and anti-semitism. Good luck!