Question

Jawwal Research & Development has been going through a rough patch lately. Turnover has been high and employee morale is at an all-time low. Though employees and competitors hold management responsible for the decline, the CEO does not let the managers go or change the management style. Which of the following could explain this attitude?

Select one:
a. The CEO is unresponsive to the criticisms from stakeholders.
b. The CEO holds the omnipotent view of management, which asserts that external factors have a significant effect on performance outcomes.
c. Because the organization has a "take-charge" management style, the employees are responsible for organizational policies.
d. The CEO holds the view that managers have only a limited role in organization success or failure.

Answer 1

d. The CEO holds the view that managers have only a limited role in organization success or failure.

Step-by-step explanation:

The CEO of Jawwal Research & Development subscribes to the symbolic view of management. Under the symbolic view, the organization's success or failure is caused by external forces beyond the managers' control. The symbolic view is that the whole of the organization is not in the managers' control.

The CEO of Jawwal Research & development believes that the manager's influence is limited by external factors such as technology, government policies, the economy, competitors, and industry conditions. The symbolic view contrasts with the Omnipotent view, which believes that managers are directly responsible for an organization's failure or success.