I don’t have any evidence that you’re supposed to cite. However, you can talk about it in three parts giving you your 3 sentences, and use a piece of evidence for each.
1. The economy would not be entirely the same because back then it was based on trade and mercantilism as compared to today’s capitalism, although the economies definitely share key aspects
2. Gender roles are not the same. The movements for womens rights in the 1800’s allowed them to stand equal with men today, whereas back then they were inferior and were only supposed to raise kids and clean
3. Race would not be the same because of the slave trade. it was becoming popular to buy slaves for cheap labor on plantations and farms in the New World.
If any ideas still reside today, I would say it would be some aspects of the economy, regarding the search for profit and prosperity ( a lot of settlers came simply to get rich) and the idea of national and international trade