Question

Beki [the daughter-in-law of Chinggis Khan] laid a sound basis for the management of the Mongol court’s affairs. One can say that no turban-wearing male minister would have been capable of dealing with these matters as brilliantly as she did. Her husband used to consult her first on any state business, be it military or political, and would always take the course she recommended.

After her husband’s death, she took control of her sons with great wisdom. Even though each one of them was prince and therefore capable of ruling by his own will, she made sure they never departed from the rules of the ancient Mongol laws of conduct. When her son, Güyük Khan, was raised to the throne, he and his brothers were the only princes who— because of Beki’s wise guidance—were found always to have acted according to the laws. The great nobles of the assembly that gave the khanate to Güyük are said to have praised Beki with the following verse:

And if all women were like her, then women would indeed be superior to men.

Although she herself was a Christian, Beki generously supported the Muslim religion. She gave 1,000 silver coins to build an Islamic school in the city of Bukhara. She also gave alms every year to be distributed among the poor and needy Muslims.”

Ata-Malik Juvayni, Persian Muslim historian who served as a provincial governor in the Mongol Ilkhanate, History of the World Conqueror, chronicle of the Mongol Empire, written circa 1270 C.E.



The description of Beki’s actions in the passage can best be used to illustrate which of the following unique aspects of Mongol society?

Group of answer choices

In part because of Mongol society’s nomadic nature, elite Mongol women exercised considerably more political power and influence than did women in most other contemporary societies.

Because of the highly militarized structure of Mongol society, Mongol women could use their fighting skills to negotiate a more powerful position in society than could women elsewhere.

The Mongol custom of having an assembly of male notables as the final decision-making body left Mongol women mostly powerless, in contrast to the situation in most other Eurasian societies.

Because Mongol society had no distinctions based on birth or nobility, all Mongol women, regardless of their position in society, were expected to behave in the same way.

Answer 1

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