Final answer:
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and nucleic acids, despite the absence of a nucleus in prokaryotes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share several common structures. Each cell type contains a plasma membrane, which serves as a protective barrier, and both have cytoplasm, the jelly-like substance within the cell membrane, as well as ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs. Additionally, they both possess nucleic acids, which include DNA that holds genetic information essential for the cell's functions. Despite the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotic cells, these four components are essential and present in all cells.
All cells have four common structures: the plasma membrane, which functions as a barrier for the cell; the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance inside the cell; nucleic acids, the genetic material of the cell; and ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place. These structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.