The correct answer is C) Other leaders and thinkers split from the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther's actions began the Protestant Reformation when other leaders and thinkers split from the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther was a German priest that wrote the influential document titled "95 Theses," in 1517. In this document, he critiqued and disapproved the Catholic church practice of selling indulgences. Martin Luther, who was also a faculty teacher at the University of Wittenberg.
Luther's ideas expressed in "95 Theses" caused havoc in the Catholic church. Other leaders and thinkers split from the Catholic Church and started Protestantism. This division hurt the power and presence of the pope and Catholicism all over Europe.