The differential equation
![M(x,y) \, dx + N(x,y) \, dy = 0](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/ck4vz0dq8xi16e612b7xvqj4ubxyvk96rw.png)
is considered exact if
(where subscripts denote partial derivatives). If it is exact, then its general solution is an implicit function
such that
and
.
We have
![M = \tan(x) - \sin(x) \sin(y) \implies M_y = -\sin(x) \cos(y)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/bnz0l6vfq7ce9a46zahxfuxulm52qg5zla.png)
![N = \cos(x) \cos(y) \implies N_x = -\sin(x) \cos(y)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/aacbn62sx1yoo5xuqa89myowy5vfbx8kc2.png)
and
, so the equation is indeed exact.
Now, the solution
satisfies
![f_x = \tan(x) - \sin(x) \sin(y)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/84qtfq0ze4y5qgr0dcdjfw2kwhtkozqqi7.png)
Integrating with respect to
, we get
![\displaystyle \int f_x \, dx = \int (\tan(x) - \sin(x) \sin(y)) \, dx](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/y4egx9bayr0fjkt315mdqpan3isv2z58ce.png)
![\implies f(x,y) = -\ln|\cos(x)| + \cos(x) \sin(y) + g(y)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/v7gtywfjmyjpwkreofv01toxntcprc0tj1.png)
and differentiating with respect to
, we get
![f_y = \cos(x) \cos(y) = \cos(x) \cos(y) + (dg)/(dy)](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/b7mbxyhvnmcold4uef3vh005lckmegxpk7.png)
![\implies (dg)/(dy) = 0 \implies g(y) = C](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/i24bnx8ex0xgv55rxjz1q1oi5iv4pzirr2.png)
Then the general solution to the exact equation is
![f(x,y) = \boxed + \cos(x) \sin(y) = C](https://img.qammunity.org/2023/formulas/mathematics/high-school/2ke6p43wla008skctbredxji1vwei8djb9.png)