The correct answer is A) disparate impact.
An employment-related decision that has a discriminatory effect on a particular group may be legally defensible if it is based on disparate impact.
That is why there is legislation in the United States that protects workers and employers. That is why employers of a protected minority in the workplace are affected by the decisions of the managers or owners. For example, if a group of African Americans or Hispano people are not hired by their color of skin, race, or nationality. The same case if the minority protected group has a different sexual orientation. The EEOC or Equal Employment Opportunity Commission exists to protect the labor rights of minority groups in the United States, so everybody could have a fair chance to thrive in the workplace.