Explanation:
a) For a 95% confidence interval we use the formula
First we need to establish the sample proportion
The sample size is
n = 200
and the critical value of z for a 95% confidence interval is
z* = 1.960
This gives us
This gives us an upper confidence limit of
.525 + .069 = .594 or 59.4%
and a lower confidence limit of
.525 - .069 = .456 or 45.6%
b) At this point her supporters wonder what her chances of winning are. 45.6% is below 50%, so she might lose. To find her chances of losing, consider the bell shaped curve
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Her probability of winning is the area to the right of 50%. We need to turn the 50% into a z score
= -.708
We look up a z-score of -.71 in Table A and get an area of .2389. This is the probability that she will lose. the probability that she will win is
.7611
c) The candidate's supporters would like to be more sure that she will win. They decide to increase the sample size until the 95% confidence interval is only plus or minus 3%. They want to know how large of a sample they will need to get that kind of accuracy. We use the formula for the margin of error.
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To solve for n, first square both sides to get rid of the radical.
Multiply both sides by n and divide both sides by m2.
For a 95% confidence interval z* = 1.96. We put in our other numbers
= 1064.4433
so they would have to survey 1065 people in order to get a 95% confidence interval that would only stretch up and down 3%.
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