Final answer:
Proteins in runner 2's cells suggest which genes are being expressed to produce them, demonstrating the relationship between genotype and phenotype and the regulated process of gene expression.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the proteins found in runner 2's cells, we can say that his genes code for these proteins. Proteins are encoded by genes, and these genes direct the synthesis of specific proteins necessary for various processes of life. Gene expression is a regulated process where certain genes are used to make specific proteins when those proteins are needed.
Since different cells express different genes and therefore produce different proteins, the presence of particular proteins in runner 2's cells indicates that his genotype for those specific genes is being expressed. This means that the genetic instructions within his DNA are being utilized to manufacture the proteins detected. Mapping of the human genome has allowed us to understand this process better, leading to advancements in fields such as medicine by developing specific drugs that alter the activity of proteins involved in diseases like cystic fibrosis.