Final answer:
Thomas Jefferson favored isolationism and caution in foreign relations, particularly leaning towards non-involvement with European conflicts, while Alexander Hamilton preferred a strong central government and aligning with Britain for economic reasons. Their opposing views reflected the broader Federalist and Republican divide, with Jefferson's perspective influencing his later presidential foreign policy, notably during the Napoleonic Wars.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton had divergent views on foreign policy, particularly regarding the nation's alignment with Britain or France. Jefferson, an advocate of isolationism, preferred a non-involvement stance, valuing the independence and self-reliance of the young nation. He aligned with the Republicans who favored more state and people control, keeping a distance from the turbulent politics of Europe. Jefferson's policy aimed to reduce foreign entanglements, adhering to George Washington's advice against 'entangling alliances'.
Conversely, Alexander Hamilton held a Federalist outlook, advocating for a strong central government and closer ties with Britain for economic prosperity. Hamilton's ideas influenced George Washington's administration, leading to Washington’s display of Federalist sympathies in incidents like the Whiskey Rebellion and the reception of French minister Edmond Genet. This was further exemplified by the Federalists' support for Jay's Treaty, which was seen as favoring Britain and betraying republican France, aligning with Hamilton's prioritization of commerce and financial stability.
During his presidency, Thomas Jefferson had to navigate the complexities of international relations despite his isolationist preferences, such as signing the Non-Intercourse Act and dealing with the fallout of the Napoleonic Wars. This underscored the challenge of maintaining an isolationist policy in an interconnected global context.