Refer to the two passages.
Source 1:
"But though men, when they enter into society, give up the equality, liberty, and executive power they had in the state of nature, into the hands of the society, to be so far disposed of by the legislative, as the good of the society shall require; yet it being only with an intention in every one the better to preserve himself, his liberty and property; . . . the power of the society, or legislative constituted by them, can never be supposed to extend farther, than the common good; but is obliged to secure every one's property, by providing against those three defects above mentioned, that made the state of nature so unsafe and uneasy. And so whoever has the legislative or supreme power of any commonwealth, is bound to govern by established standing laws, promulgated and known to the people, and not by extemporary decrees; by indifferent and upright judges, who are to decide controversies by those laws; and to employ the force of the community at home, only in the execution of such laws, or abroad to prevent or redress foreign injuries, and secure the community from inroads and invasion. And all this to be directed to no other end, but the peace, safety, and public good of the people.”
Excerpt from "Second Treatise of Government,” an Enlightenment writing by John Locke, 1690
Source 2:
"That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government . . .”
Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence, a fundamental document of the American Revolution, 1776
The principles of the Enlightenment reflected in the passages most directly led to which of the following developments in the relationship between the government and the citizen?
a) Governments take citizens’ property for public benefit.
b) Governments and citizens check one another’s power.
c) Citizens should expect governments to protect their rights.
d) Citizens have an obligation to overthrow monarchies.