Subject is usually the noun in a sentence and the verb is the action that thing is doing or being. For phrase is what it is doing it to. For example in 1 your your last picture the subject would be the man and the verb would be “ran” The the verb phrase it would be “ran down the stairs”. A sentence as a subject action or and adjective in it like #2. But in number one of that section it only says the spider which is a fragments.