Final answer:
A Foley artist records sounds in sync with the activity on the screen using props in a studio. A super- or hyper-cardioid microphone is a directional mic that filters out background noise and is sometimes called a shotgun mic.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Foley artist is the type of artist who records sounds in sync with the activity on the screen using props in a studio. They create sound effects by performing actions and manipulating objects to produce the desired sounds for a film or television production.
A super- or hyper-cardioid microphone is a type of mic that has a very directional pickup pattern. It records only what it is pointed at, filtering out background noise. This type of microphone is sometimes known as a shotgun mic.