Final answer:
Theseus is a mythological figure, while Pericles was a real historical figure who led Athens into its Golden Age, enhancing democracy and cultural development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The story of Theseus and his return to Athens after slaying the Minotaur indeed marks a significant moment in Greek mythology and the history of Athenian society. Yet, it is important to differentiate between myth and actual historical figures who led Athens through various eras of success. Notably, Pericles was a real and prominent Greek statesman who significantly impacted the city's prosperity during the 5th century BCE, known as the Golden Age of Athens or the Age of Pericles. Under his leadership, Athens underwent major political reforms, such as opening public office to those without wealth and offering a salary to jurors, which strengthened democratic institutions and cultural flourishing. The era also saw the construction of significant architectural works, including the Parthenon, and the cultural contributions of playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, as well as the philosopher Socrates.