Chiang Kai-Shek
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Chiang Kai-shek
Leader of the Guomindang (chinese national party); he expelled Chinese communists from the party and led a successful unification of China;Despite a professed focus on reform, Chiang's government concentrated on battling Communism within China as well as confronting Japanese aggression; From 1949 until his death, Chiang led the KMT government in exile in Taiwan, which many countries continued to recognize as China's legitimate government. Chiang founded a military academy at Whampoa, near Canton, in 1924. In 1928, he formed a new central government out of Nanking, with himself as head of state.Chiang sought to institute a modest program of reforms, including financial and educational reforms, infrastructure improvements and a revival of Confucianism, supported by the "New Life Movement" campaign. The bulk of his government's energies and resources, however, were focused on threats to its own stability from within and outside of China. The Communists were operating their own opposition government from rural strongholds, while war with Japan-which seized Manchuria in 1931-seemed imminent. Chiang initially focused on the communist threat rather than confront Japan directly, a choice that angered many of his supporters. In the Sian (Xian) Incident of December 1936, one of his generals seized Chiang and held him captive for two weeks until he agreed to ally with Mao Zedong's Communist forces against Japan.