The diagram is in the attachment.
What are the different parts of the kidneys? What are their functions?
Parts of a kidney, and their functions
- Renal Capsule - the exterior layer that surrounds the kidney; it is thin yet extreme and sinewy.
- Renal Pelvis — a bowl-like area that collects urine from the nephrons and empties it into the upper end of the ureter.
- Calyx – renal pelvis enlargement; they convey pee from the pyramids to the renal pelvis.
- Cortex – the kidney's exterior region; cortical tissue augmentations contain around one million blood-separating nephrons.
- The filtration units in the kidneys are known as nephrons.
- The medulla – the kidney's interior location – comprises 8-12 renal pyramids. The pyramids empty into the calyx.
- Medullary pyramids - formed by the kidney's inward collecting channels
- Ureter - collects urine and filtrate from the renal pelvis and transports it to the bladder for excretion.
- Renal Artery – extends from the aorta, delivering waste-filled blood into the kidney for sifting in the nephrons; the renal corridor is also split into several branches within the kidney. Every second, the kidneys get 20% of the blood pushed by the heart. A few conduits supply the kidney cells.
- Renal Vein – expels the separated blood from the kidneys to the substandard vena cava.
How do kidneys function?
To begin, you must realize that blood constantly circulates through all of our organs, including the kidneys. However, when the blood goes through the kidneys, the kidney cells filter it.
The kidney is composed of thousands of cells known as nephrons. As blood flows through the kidney, it is driven through a structure known as the Bowman's capsule under high pressures. It's similar to forcing tea through a sieve, but at a higher pressure. This forces the plasma component of the blood to enter the nephron while the cellular components cannot because they are too big.
This filtered blood plasma then passes through the nephron's length. Water, salt, potassium, and other electrolytes, as well as other compounds beneficial to the organism, are reabsorbed into the circulation in various sections of the nephron. Various waste materials are discharged into the nepron at the same time. This filtering process produces urine, which runs down the common collecting duct and into the urinary bladder through the ureters. Simultaneously, the blood that had entered the kidneys is now free of undesirable chemicals and returns to the circulation. The amount of water and electrolytes reabsorbed by the kidneys is critical in maintaining the body's normal metabolic condition.
Because a certain level of pressure is necessary to keep this filtration process going, the kidney possesses cells that can detect a reduction in blood pressure in the body and warn other systems to keep it up.
It also performs a variety of additional activities such as the synthesis of erythropoietin (a chemical that promotes RBC production), the metabolization of Vitamin D, the creation of Renin, and so on.
This is why the kidneys are regarded as one of the most important organs in our bodies.